LAUSR

A major goal in conservation is to preserve diversity across scales of biological organisation, from genetics to meta-communities. High genetic diversity promotes species resiliency through adaptive capacity (Healey, 2009), while ecological resiliency benefits from the direct relationship between species and functional diversity (Peterson, Allen, & Holling, 1998). Life-history trait expression represents an important source of diversity that can affect persistence of populations (Jager, 2001; Lande, 1988; Schindler et al., 2010) by stabilising populations subject to stochastic environmental conditions (Healey, 2009; Hutchings & Myers, 1994; Moore, Yeakel, Peard, Lough, & Beere, 2014). For example, asynchronous population dynamics among subpopulations in response to heterogeneous environmental conditions can improve resilience of an entire meta-population (Reed, Schindler, & Waples, 2011; Schindler et al., 2010). The extent to which habitat alterations and a changing climate may eliminate available habitats (e.g. loss of river main stems for mobile fish life-history forms, Williams, Haak, Neville, & Colyer, 2009) may exacerbate the extirpation risk for many species. This includes the loss of stabilising properties that accompany diverse life-history trait expression common in healthy populations Received: 5 August 2019 | Revised: 4 July 2020 | Accepted: 6 July 2020 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12567