LAUSR

In immunocompetent persons, the mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 have been shown to be safe and efficacious against SARS-CoV-2 infection (1). However, most patients with B-cell malignancies, such as those with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), fail to develop a robust antibody response following vaccination (2-3). This is considered to be largely due to the defects in innate and adaptive immunity in CLL which is observed even in the earlier phase of the disease (4). Furthermore, CLL treatment may exacerbate immune system dysfunction (3, 5, 6-17 ). In agreement with this notion and previous reports, CLL patients are considered to have a heterogeneous and in most instances sub-optimal response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines (3,6-17).