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AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led self-management interventions on self-management behaviours and self-efficacy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Sinomed, Wang Fang, The VIP Database, CNKI, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL and Medline. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to 20 March 2024. METHODS Electronic databases were searched to identify studies on the effects of nurse-led interventions on self-management behaviours and self-efficacy in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two researchers independently screened, extracted and analysed the literature using RevMan 5.4.1. RESULTS A total of 21 articles were reviewed. The meta-analysis revealed that nurse-led interventions significantly improved self-management behaviours and self-efficacy in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subgroup analyses revealed that the intelligent intervention (remote interventions using an app, WeChat or other online measures) had the most substantial effect on the self-management behaviours in this population. Additionally, a 3-month intervention duration was found to be optimal for enhancing self-management behaviours in persons with type 2 diabetes. The self-management education intervention had the most significant impact on improving self-efficacy in people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, with a 3-month duration also proving optimal for enhancing self-efficacy in people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Nurse-led self-management interventions positively affect individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.