LAUSR

Increased global industrialization has increased air pollution resulting in 3 million annual deaths globally. Air pollutants could have different health effects, so specific models to identify the different immune effects are needed. The aim of this study was to determine the immune effects and lung function of acute exposure to two different pollution sources using a mouse model. Three intranasal challenges with either urban dust or diesel particulate matter resulted in significant (P < 0.001) immune cell infiltration into the lung, which was mostly because of an increased (P < 0.001) percentage of neutrophils. We found that exposure to either urban dust or diesel particulate matter significantly increased the lung tissue concentration of the neutrophil chemoattractant cytokine CXCL5 when compared with naïve controls. The urban dust challenge also significantly increased the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine CCL20, but diesel particulate matter did not. The urban dust challenge significantly (P < 0.001) decreased tissue compliance and ability to stretch, and increased total airways constriction and lung tissue stiffness. In comparison, diesel particulate matter exposure slightly, but significantly (P = 0.022), increased tissue compliance and did not affect other lung function parameters. Although both urban dust and diesel particulate matter induced immune cell infiltration into the lung resulting in lung inflammation, their detrimental effects on cytokine production and lung function were quite different. This may be attributed to the variation in particulates that comprise these pollutants that directly interact with the lung tissue and consequently elicit a different functional response.