LAUSR

BACKGROUND Few studies have compared the outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) and calcium hydroxide apexification focusing on necrotic teeth with dens evaginatus. AIM To qualitatively and quantitatively compare the treatment outcomes of REPs and calcium hydroxide apexification in teeth with dens evaginatus. DESIGN Immature permanent necrotic evaginated teeth treated with REPs or calcium hydroxide apexification for a follow-up period of at least 12 months were included. Tooth success and survival rates were analysed. Changes in radiographic root length, apical diameter, and radiographic root area (RRA) were quantified. Prognostic factors that might influence RRA were identified via multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 112 teeth (50 REPs cases and 62 apexification cases) with a median follow-up period of 26.5 months were included. REPs and calcium hydroxide apexification exhibited similar satisfactory success and survival rates (P > .05). Additionally, 88 teeth were quantitatively analysed. The REPs group presented a significantly greater percentage increase in RRA and less decrease in apical diameter compared with the calcium hydroxide apexification group (P < .05). Teeth treated with REPs and with stage 7 and 8 of root development showed a better gain in RRA (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS REPs appear to be a preferred choice over calcium hydroxide apexification for treating immature permanent necrotic evaginated teeth, with the expectation of better root development.