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AIMS To clarify gender differences in the demographic variables and infertility problems associated with depression among men and women undergoing infertility treatment. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS We surveyed 380 women and 360 men undergoing infertility treatment at the reproductive medicine center of a hospital in China's Ningxia Province from March - September 2016. RESULTS For women, ethnicity, the number of clinic visits, social concern and sexual concern were factors linked with depression symptoms. For men, treatment cost pressure and social concern were significantly associated with depression symptoms. CONCLUSION Psychological counseling and intervention programs should be integrated into in-vitro fertilization treatments and interventions should be targeted based on gender differences. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.