LAUSR

AIMS/INTRODUCTION Metformin is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal complications and probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) can improve the symptoms of diarrhea. This study aimed to clarify the effects of probiotic BBG9-1 on the gastrointestinal symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using metformin. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this open-label single-arm exploratory study, 40 patients (mean age, 64.0±9.4 years) were administered probiotic BBG9-1 for 10 weeks. Changes in the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale total score, which was the primary endpoint, gastrointestinal symptom rating scale subscale scores, HbA1c levels, and gut microbiota after the administration of probiotic BBG9-1 were evaluated by the Student's t-test. RESULTS The gastrointestinal symptom rating scale total score was significantly improved (from 2.02±0.51 to 1.59±0.43, change, -0.43±0.49, p<0.001). Moreover, all gastrointestinal symptom rating scale subscale scores, including diarrhea (from 2.32±1.14 to 1.89±0.99, change, -0.42±0.95, p=0.007) and constipation (from 3.00±1.16 to 2.20±1.07, change, -0.80±1.19, p<0.001), scores also significantly improved. However, the HbA1c levels did not change (from 7.0±0.7 to 7.0±0.6 %, change, 0.0±0.4, p=0.91). The relative abundance of the genus Sutterella was decreased by the use of probiotic BBG9-1 (from 0.011±0.009 to 0.008±0.006, change, -0.003±0.006, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin showed significant improvement in all gastrointestinal symptom rating scores after using probiotic BBG9-1 without changing the glucose control. This study demonstrated the potential usefulness of probiotic BBG9-1 for improving gastrointestinal symptoms, including constipation and diarrhea, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin.