LAUSR

The potential effects of coconut water (CCW) and milk (CCM) on gastrointestinal motility {intestinal transit (IT), intestinal fluid accumulation (IFA) and colonic motility}, tissue oxidative, and inflammatory responses in heat-stressed rats were investigated. There were four (4) temperature exposure groups; (i) Control at 30°C, (CON), (ii) heat-stressed (HS) group exposed to the ambiance of 40°C, (iii) heat-stressed pre-treated with coconut water (HS+ CCW), and (iv) coconut milk (HS + CCM). Skin temperatures (ST) and rectal temperatures (RT) were taken daily, before and after 2 hr heat exposure. GE, IT, and IFA were assessed using standard methods while colonic motility was assessed by colonic bead expulsion (CBE) time after the 14-day exposure. Serum cortisol and lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory cytokines in intestinal samples were assessed. Stomach and intestinal morphology were equally examined on histomorphometry. Increased GE, IT, IFA, and colonic motility were observed in HS. CCW and CCM reversed the increases in GE, IT, IFA, and colonic motility in the heat-stressed rats (p < .05). Elevated serum cortisol level and intestinal MDA were significantly reduced in the CCW and CCM treated. Tissue GPx, T-AOC, and T-SOD were all enhanced in HS + CCW and HS + CCM. While tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were suppressed in the HS group, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were enhanced with CCW and CCM. Altered intestinal morphology in the HS was also significantly mitigated by CCW and CCM. We showed that coconut water and milk could ameliorate intestinal dysmotility associated with heat stress via oxidative stress reduction and suppression of inflammatory responses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Heat stress impacts negatively on intestinal health and integrity in both humans and animals via oxidative stress and inflammation. Conversely, coconut has demonstrated anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in health and medicinal applications. From the findings of this study, coconut water and milk display beneficial potentials against the untoward heat stress effect on gastrointestinal health.