The gut microbiome‐related metabolites betaine and trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) affect major health issues. In cirrhosis, betaine metabolism may be diminished because of impaired hepatic betaine homocysteine methyltransferase activity, whereas TMAO… Click to show full abstract
The gut microbiome‐related metabolites betaine and trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) affect major health issues. In cirrhosis, betaine metabolism may be diminished because of impaired hepatic betaine homocysteine methyltransferase activity, whereas TMAO generation from trimethylamine may be altered because of impaired hepatic flavin monooxygenase expression. Here, we determined plasma betaine and TMAO levels in patients with end‐stage liver disease and assessed their relationships with liver disease severity.
               
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