LAUSR

genuine 3D involved images recorded from each eye. The use of the stereoscopic binocular view in 180 degrees provided higher immersion, increasing the sense of ‘presence’ needed for a successful VR environment. First-person experience was a key element for an effective learning experience. The first-person point of view is known to improve acquisition of new skills and of procedural gestures. Mirror neurons are known to activate when watching someone else performing a procedure. It was also shown that the operator point of view reduces cognitive load, allowing for deeper focus on learning. Virtual environment should also have a defined teaching objective. The cohort with prior LP rated significantly lower the added value of 3D characteristic of the video compared to LP-naive trainees. Contrarily to prior operators, in medical students, our tutorial filled a gap in knowledge that was not provided by the rachis simulator, that is, gave a near real-life experience on how to instal the patient and the materials and how to communicate with the patient. Overall, designing a 3D LP tutorial, we learned the pedagogical value of VR in teaching medical procedures, while also carefully considering the necessary technical conditions and the academic goals that can be achieved. Agathe Vrillon Laurent Gonzales-Marabal Claire Paquet Julien Dumurgier