LAUSR

Protected areas (i.e., reserves and parks) have become an important management tool in conservation of species and communities. One of the main initiatives for conservation of marine ecosystems is the implementation of Marine Protected Areas (MPA, Hooker & Gerber 2004) but they are often insufficient for an efficient protection of marine mammals (Hoyt, 2009). Effective conservation requires identification of Areas of Ecological Significance (AES) which correspond to areas that are critical to fulfill an animal's need to survive and reproduce (Hindell et al., 2011). For marine predators such as birds and pinnipeds these needs are considered mainly to correspond to foraging and corridor grounds (Hooker & Gerber, 2004; Hyrenbach, Forney, & Dayton, 2000). However, it is essential to understand the relationships between predators' behaviors, their habitat, and the resource consumed to identify their foraging grounds or Areas of Intensive Foraging Activity (AIFA) efficiently. For such predators, the identification of their AIFA thus represents the first step in determining their AES to act towards their effective conservation. Over the past two decades, the development of powerful miniaturized biologgers has allowed the acquisition of important information on the behavior of wide-ranging marine predators at sea. Traditionally limited to horizontal tracks (i.e., localization devices such as Argos, Global Positioning System [GPS], or Global Location Sensor [GLS]) or diving parameters (i.e., depth data recording devices such as time-depth recorders [TDR]), a range of new sensors (i.e., Hall sensors, accelerometers, magnetometers, etc.) now provides much finer insights into the life of these animals. Biologgers, including such new sensors, make it possible to reconstruct 3-dimensional underwater paths of diving animals or to identify and quantify prey capture attempts. This has been done, for example, on king penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus (Charrassin et al., 2001), Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii (Plötz, Bornemann, Knust, Schröder, & Bester, 2001), Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus (Viviant, Trites, Rosen, Monestiez, & Guinet, 2010), Received: 11 April 2018 Revised: 17 June 2019 Accepted: 18 June 2019