LAUSR

trointestinal, ophthalmologic, and genitourinary diseases. Serotype F 40 and 41 account for 5–10% of acute gastroenteritis in infants, with 6–9 days of symptom duration. Severity and prognosis due to different serotype are not specified. Although AdV enteritis is self-limiting, it can cause severe symptoms and reactivation in immunocompromised hosts. Cidofovir for immunocompromised hosts, or those with severe disease, is not authorized in Japan. It is a poor prognostic factor for patients after hematopoietic stem cell / solid organ transplantation but conditions occurring with malignancies are quite rare. The AdV enteritis did not develop in our patient following a transplantation; however, the acute diarrhea induced hypovolemic shock with a prolonged recovery time. Nausea, caused by anti-cancer drugs and gastroenteritis, prevented oral intake of water, resulting in a large free water deficit. Sodium intake via fluid infusion may also have contributed to the exacerbation of hypernatremia. In our patient, intestinal mucosal damage due to chemotherapy, and immunosuppression due to bone marrow suppression, might have resulted in the severe AdV enteritis. There were also no suspected individuals with gastroenteritis around him, suggesting his illness arose from reactivation of AdV. It should be noted that, while rare, there is a risk of AdV reactivation and life-threatening infection in children undergoing chemotherapy for malignancy without transplantation. In conclusion, our patient, a young boy, developed lifethreatening AdV enteritis following chemotherapy for AML. Physicians should be watchful for signs of infection, especially in patients with intestinal mucosal injury and severe myelosuppression, even without prior transplantation.