LAUSR

Geomagnetic field (GMF) is an inescapable environmental factor for plants on earth that affects all the growth and yield parameters, but both strong and weak magnetic fields (MF) as compared to GMF can cause a specific role in plant growth and development. MF technology is an eco-friendly technique that does not emit any kind of waste nor generate harmful radiation, and neither requires any external power supply, so it can be used for sustainable and desirable modern agriculture. Thus, the exposure of plants to MF is one of the potential, affordable, reusable, and safe physical practices for enhancing crop productivity by changing physiological and biochemical processes. However, the effect of MF on plant physiological and biochemical processes is not well understood to date. This review describes the effect of altering MF conditions either higher or lower values than GMF on the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. The contradictory and inconsistency present in outcomes from the studies elucidate varying effects of MF on plants that may be due to species dependence and/ or reliance on MF exposure time and intensity. All the outcomes of reviewed literature come to the point that MF has a putative role in changing the physiological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, water relations, and biochemical attributes that includes reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, enzymes, proteins, and secondary metabolites at the genetic level. Moreover, this study suggest MF application efficiently increases the growth and yield attributes of many crops, so recommended for future researches.