LAUSR

What is the topic of this review? We describe roles of crucial signalling molecules in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and highlight recent data suggesting sex‐specific changes in the expression of crucial signalling molecules and their receptors, which may underlie sex differences in both cardiovascular and metabolic function. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights the integrative capacity of the paraventricular nucleus in mediating cardiovascular and metabolic effects by integrating information from multiple signalling molecules. It also proposes that these signalling molecules have sex‐specific differential gene expression, indicating the importance of considering these differences in our ongoing search to understand the female–male differences in the regulation of crucial autonomic systems.