LAUSR

Silent Speech Interfaces (SSI) are sensor-based communication systems in which a speaker articulates normally but does not activate their vocal chords, creating a natural user interface that does not disturb the ambient audio environment or compromise private content, and may also be used in noisy environments where a clean audio signal is not available. The SSI field was launched 2010 in a special issue of Speech Communications, where systems based on ultrasound tongue imaging, electromyography, and electromagnetic articulography were proposed. Today, although ultrasound-based SSIs can achieve Word Error Rate scores rivaling those of acoustic speech recognition, they have yet to reach the marketplace due to performance stability problems. In recent years, numerous approaches have been proposed to address this issue, including better acquisition hardware; improved tongue contour tracking; Deep Learning analysis; and the association of ultrasound data with a real time 3D model of the tongue. After outlinin...