LAUSR

Cancer Cancers with lower mutation rates, such as pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), have not shown high immunotherapy response rates, possibly because there are fewer neoepitopes for T cells to recognize. To better understand antitumor responses, Zamora et al. examined samples from pediatric patients with ALL. They predicted peptide neoepitopes that could bind patients' human leukocyte antigen for presentation to T cells and generated tetramers. Somewhat surprisingly, almost all the predicted peptides were recognizable by patient T cells and induced functional responses in vitro. Thus, low mutation burden tumors should not be assumed to be immunogenically silent, as they could respond to checkpoint blockade or other T cell–targeted therapies. Sci. Transl. Med. 11 , eaat8549 (2019).