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To cite: Johnston R, Sen C, Baki Y. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed Epub ahead of print: [please include Day Month Year]. doi:10.1136/ archdischild2020321051 © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. WHAT IS ONLINE LEARNING? Online learning, unlike traditional learning from facetoface lectures, tutorials, ward rounds and private study of published materials, involves the use of internetbased technology to deliver educational content. Terms such as online learning, elearning, webbased learning and distant learning are often used synonymously without clear distinction. Online learning can stand alone or be part of a blended model in which online content supplements facetoface interactions. Content can be delivered synchronously (live video conferencing and chat rooms) or asynchronously (prerecorded lectures, podcasts, blogs and forums) with considerable variation in interactive and responsive content.