LAUSR

Introduction Management of localised prostate cancer is a major clinical challenge since most of these cancers won’t evolve but a majority of patients will still undergo a life-changing radical surgery. Molecular studies have shown that prostate cancer can be classified according to their genomic alterations but none of the published prostate cancer molecular classifications could identify a subtype corresponding to non-evolutive tumours. Material and methods Multi-omics molecular profiling was performed on post-radical prostatectomy material from a cohort of 130 patients with localised PCa. We used unsupervised classification techniques to build a comprehensive classification of prostate tumours based on three molecular levels: DNA copy number, DNA methylation, and mRNA expression. Merged data from our cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were used to characterise the resulting tumour subtypes. We measured subtype-associated risks of biochemical relapse using Cox regression models and survival data from five cohorts including the two aforementioned. Results and discussions We describe three prostate cancer molecular subtypes associated with specific molecular characteristics and different clinical outcomes. Particularly, one subtype was strongly associated with the absence of biochemical recurrence. We validated this finding on 726 samples from five distinct cohorts (p=9.45 × 10-9, n=726 tumour samples), and showed that our subtyping approach outperforms the most popular prognostic molecular signatures to accurately identify a subset of patients with a non-evolutive disease. We provide a set of 39 transcriptomic biomarkers which robustly identify this subtype of non-evolutive cases whose prevalence was estimated to 22% of all localised prostate cancer tumours. Conclusion At least 20% of patients with localised prostate cancer can be accurately predicted to have a non-evolutive disease on the basis of their molecular subtype. Those patients should not undergo invasive surgery and rather be placed under active surveillance.