LAUSR

A coupled thermal–electrical–mechanical inhomogeneous cell-based smoothed finite element method (CICS-FEM) is presented for the multi-physics coupling problems, the displacements, the electrical potential and the temperature are obtained by combining the modified Wilson-[Formula: see text] method. By introducing the gradient smoothing technique into the FE model, the system stiffness of the model is reduced. In addition, due to the absence of mapping, CICS-FEM is insensitive to mesh distortion. Curves and contour plots of displacements, electrical potential and temperature of three FGP structures are given in the article. The results shows that CICS-FEM possesses several advantages: (i) insensitive to mesh distortion; (ii) reduce the system stiffness; (iii) convergent and accuracy; (iv) efficient than FEM when the results are at the same accuracy.