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Metformin attenuates an increase of calcium-dependent and ubiquitin-proteasome markers in unloaded muscle.

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Current study tested a hypothesis that during skeletal muscle unloading, calcium-dependent signaling pathways, markers of protein synthesis and expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases can be regulated by metformin. Thirty-two male… Click to show full abstract

Current study tested a hypothesis that during skeletal muscle unloading, calcium-dependent signaling pathways, markers of protein synthesis and expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases can be regulated by metformin. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into one of four groups: non-treated control (3C), control rats treated with metformin (3CM), 3 days of unloading/hindlimb suspension with placebo (3HS), and 3 days of unloading treated with metformin (3HSM). In soleus muscle of HS group level of phospho-AMPK (p-AMPK) was decreased by 46% while ATP content was increased by 49% when compared with the control group. There was an increase of the level of phospho-CaMK II (483%) and an up-regulation of CaN, SERCA2a, and Calpain-1 mRNA expression (87%, 41% and 62%, respectively, p<0.05) in the HS group relative to the control. HS group also had increased mRNA expression of MuRF1, MAFbx, and ubiquitin (167%, 146% and 191%, respectively, p<0.05) when compared to the control soleus muscle. Metformin treatment impeded unloading-induced changes in soleus muscle. Conclusions: metformin treatment during three days of soleus muscle unloading: 1) prevented the decrease of p-AMPK and increase of ATP content; 2) affected regulation of calcium-dependent signaling pathways via level of CaMK II phosphorylation or CaMK II, CaN, SERCA2a, and Calpain-1 mRNA expression; 3) attenuated an increase in the expression of critical markers of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways MuRF1, MAFbx, and ubiquitin while not affecting the unloading-induced increase of ULK-1 marker of autophagic/lysosomal pathway.

Keywords: control; soleus muscle; muscle; expression; calcium dependent

Journal Title: Journal of applied physiology
Year Published: 2022

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