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Occurrence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Pulmonary Barotrauma in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Objective Pulmonary barotrauma has been frequently observed in patients with COVID-19 who present with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. This study evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of barotrauma in… Click to show full abstract

Objective Pulmonary barotrauma has been frequently observed in patients with COVID-19 who present with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. This study evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of barotrauma in patients with COVID-19 requiring ICU admission. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to an adult ICU between March and December 2020. We compared patients who had barotrauma with those who did not. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of barotrauma and hospital mortality. Results Of 481 patients in the study cohort, 49 (10.2%, 95% confidence interval: 7.6–13.2%) developed barotrauma on a median of 4 days after ICU admission. Barotrauma manifested as pneumothorax (N = 21), pneumomediastinum (N = 25), and subcutaneous emphysema (N = 25) with frequent overlap. Chronic comorbidities and inflammatory markers were similar in both patient groups. Barotrauma occurred in 4/132 patients (3.0%) who received noninvasive ventilation without intubation, and in 43/280 patients (15.4%) who received invasive mechanical ventilation. Invasive mechanical ventilation was the only risk factor for barotrauma (odds ratio: 14.558, 95% confidence interval: 1.833–115.601). Patients with barotrauma had higher hospital mortality (69.4% versus 37.0%; p < 0.0001) and longer duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay. Barotrauma was an independent predictor of hospital mortality (odds ratio: 2.784, 95% confidence interval: 1.310–5.918). Conclusion s. Barotrauma was common in critical COVID-19, with invasive mechanical ventilation being the most prominent risk factor. Barotrauma was associated with poorer clinical outcomes and was an independent predictor of hospital mortality.

Keywords: barotrauma; pulmonary barotrauma; ventilation; risk; risk factors; study

Journal Title: Critical Care Research and Practice
Year Published: 2023

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