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Caspase-1 from Human Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Can Promote T Cell–Independent Tumor Proliferation

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MDSCs from HNSCC patients exhibited upregulated caspase-1, a member of the inflammasome complex, and directly promoted tumor cell proliferation. Silencing caspase-1 activity in a mouse model reduced tumor growth, suggesting… Click to show full abstract

MDSCs from HNSCC patients exhibited upregulated caspase-1, a member of the inflammasome complex, and directly promoted tumor cell proliferation. Silencing caspase-1 activity in a mouse model reduced tumor growth, suggesting that targeting caspase-1 could have therapeutic potential. Immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) are characterized by their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. To better define their T cell–independent functions within the tumor, sorted monocytic CD14+CD11b+HLA-DRlow/– MDSCs (mMDSC) from squamous cell carcinoma patients showed upregulated caspase-1 activity, which was associated with increased IL1β and IL18 expression. In vitro studies demonstrated that mMDSCs promoted caspase-1–dependent proliferation of multiple squamous carcinoma cell lines in both human and murine systems. In vivo, growth rates of B16, MOC1, and Panc02 were significantly blunted in chimeric mice adoptively transferred with caspase-1 null bone marrow cells under T cell–depleted conditions. Adoptive transfer of wild-type Gr-1+CD11b+ MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice reversed this antitumor response, whereas caspase-1 inhibiting thalidomide-treated MDSCs phenocopied the antitumor response found in caspase-1 null mice. We further hypothesized that MDSC caspase-1 activity could promote tumor-intrinsic MyD88-dependent carcinogenesis. In mice with wild-type caspase-1, MyD88-silenced tumors displayed reduced growth rate, but in chimeric mice with caspase-1 null bone marrow cells, MyD88-silenced tumors did not display differential tumor growth rate. When we queried the TCGA database, we found that caspase-1 expression is correlated with overall survival in squamous cell carcinoma patients. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that caspase-1 in MDSCs is a direct T cell–independent mediator of tumor proliferation. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 566–77. ©2018 AACR.

Keywords: caspase; cell independent; proliferation; mdscs; tumor

Journal Title: Cancer Immunology Research
Year Published: 2018

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