LAUSR

Introduction: Eosinophilia (eosinophil fraction of leukocytes >5%), an indicative parameter for bioincompatibility in various circumstances, is well established in hemodialysis. However, change in eosinophil count (EOC) and its association with death-censored technique failure among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remain unclear. Methods: We compared eosinophils before and after PD initiation among 1,432 eligible continuous ambulatory PD patients regularly followed up in our PD center during 2007–2018. Risk factors of early-stage eosinophilia were examined by the logistic regression test. The relationship of early-stage eosinophilia and EOC with death-censored technique failure was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model for overall patients and for men and women separately. Results: After PD initiation, the EOC and percentage of patients with eosinophilia were significantly increased compared with baseline. Being male (odds ratio [OR]: 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–3.31; p < 0.001) and higher EOC at baseline (100 cells/μL increase, OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.45–1.82; p < 0.001) were risk factors of early-stage eosinophilia after PD initiation. During follow-up, 204 death-censored technique failures were recorded. In fully adjusted models, each with 100 cells/μL increase in EOC, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of technique failure were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03–1.20; p = 0.009) in the whole cohort, 1.29 (95% CI: 1.10–1.51; p = 0.002) in women, and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.97–1.17; p = 0.196) in men. Eosinophilia was significantly associated with the risk of technique failure for women (HR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.07–4.70; p = 0.033), which was especially significant for women aged <55 years (HR: 7.61; 95% CI: 1.88–30.90; p = 0.005). Conclusion: EOC was increased significantly after PD initiation, and increased numbers of eosinophils were associated with higher death-censored technique failure in PD patients, especially women.