LAUSR

INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to provide data related to endoscopic combined intra-renal surgery learning curve using minimally invasive techniques with vacuum-assisted devices. Minimal data exist on the learning curve for these techniques. METHODS We conducted a prospective study monitoring the training of a mentored surgeon learning ECIRS with vacuum assistance. We use varied parameters for improvements. After collection of peri-operative data, tendency lines and CUSUM analysis were used to investigate the learning curves. RESULTS 111 patients have been included. Guy's Stone Score 3 and 4 stones 51.3% of all cases. The mostly used percutaneous sheath was 16 Fr (87.3%). SFR was 78.4%. 52.3% patients were tubeless, and 38.7% achieved trifecta. High-degree complication rate was 3.6%. Operative time improved after 72 cases. We observed a decrease of complications throughout the case series, with improvement after 17 cases. In terms of trifecta, proficiency was reached after 53 cases. Proficiency seems achievable in a limited number of procedures, but results did not plateau. Higher number of cases might be necessary for excellence. DISCUSSION A surgeon learning ECIRS with vacuum assistance can obtain proficiency in 17-50 cases. The number of procedures required for excellence remains unclear. Exclusion of more complex cases might positively affect the training, reducing unnecessary complications.