LAUSR

these patients may have been invasively ventilated, whereas some others may have experienced an impaired lung development without the ventilation-induced inflammatory trigger (11). Each of these subclassifications can then be managed more precisely to match their physiology, and data on outcomes can be more accurately portrayed and compared. In the commented study, MRI was performed when severe BPD was already established; however, the aforementioned diagnostic tools might be used much earlier in infants with chronic pulmonary insufficiency of prematurity to direct them toward a particular therapeutic approach or a more tailored ventilation rather than just give snapshots of the patients’ situation (Figure 1). This would match with the main issues identified by the International Neonatal Consortium statement (6). We believe that innovative diagnostic tools and a new mindset are critically necessary to provide precision medicine to our most vulnerable patients and improve our ability to care for and learn from them. n