LAUSR

Preliminary screening and successful therapy are the two biggest challenges in the battle against cancer prognosis and diagnosis. This life-threatening disease can be profoundly imagined and identified based on the tracing of widely eliciting/expressing protein biomarkers in the biological fluids of an individual. These protein biomarker may fall into broad categories based on the types of tissues or organs being involved and are commonly known as onco-biomarkers or tumor markers. Indicators of cancer are routinely detected using a myriad of developing bio-sensing tools for point of care diagnostics that have really been proven to be an effective solution for early-stage cancer. Modern and advanced approaches offer great advantages over the use of traditional assessment therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and combinations, of all but display several noticeable drawbacks in that they are time-consuming, hard to use, skilled labour-intensive, costly, less efficient, less sensitive, require more analysis time, and are often not up to the mark. Recently, various bio-sensing approaches have drawn special attention toward on-site screening and real-time detection of critical protein biomarkers. This review provides an insightful overview of current advances made in sensing techniques used for detecting biomarkers for various types of carcinomas. Various sensing methodologies and tools used for the detection of each biomarker have been thoroughly reviewed. Every one of these processes indicates that multifaceted innovation-based tumor diagnostics are becoming an indisputable substitute for conventional strategies.