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Mariátegui, Race, and the Comintern’s National Question

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José Carlos Mariátegui’s open engagement with Marxist theory and his adaptation of its ideas to his Latin American reality brought him into conflict with other leftists. At a continental conference… Click to show full abstract

José Carlos Mariátegui’s open engagement with Marxist theory and his adaptation of its ideas to his Latin American reality brought him into conflict with other leftists. At a continental conference of communist parties in Buenos Aires in 1929, he criticized the Comintern’s proposal to carve up the Americas into independent African-descent and Quechua and Aymara republics, arguing that conceptualizing the struggle in ethnic rather than class terms was a mistake. From documents preserved in the Comintern archives it appears that these comments had echoes in Moscow. Two newly translated Spanish-language documents on the “national question” challenge notions that Comintern officials were unaware of or ill-informed about developments in Latin America and are important to understanding their responses and challenges to his ideas on race and oppressed nationalities. El compromiso abierto de José Carlos Mariátegui con la teoría marxista y su adaptación de estas ideas a la realidad latinoamericana lo pusieron en conflicto con otras y otros de la izquierda. En una conferencia continental de partidos comunistas en Buenos Aires en 1929, criticó la propuesta de la Internacional Comunista de dividir las Américas en repúblicas independientes afrodescendientes y quechuas y aymaras, argumentando que conceptualizar la lucha en términos étnicos en lugar de términos de clase era un error. Los documentos conservados en los archivos de la Internacional Comunista sugieren que estos comentarios hicieron eco en Moscú. Dos documentos en español recientemente traducidos en torno a la “cuestión nacional” desafían las nociones de que los funcionarios de la Internacional Comunista no estaban al tanto o estaban mal informados sobre los acontecimientos en América Latina, asunto que resultan importante para comprender sus respuestas y desafíos a las ideas de Mariátegui sobre raza y nacionalidades oprimidas.

Keywords: mari tegui; national question; race

Journal Title: Latin American Perspectives
Year Published: 2022

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