Several decades before Gaetano Kanizsa (1913–1993) became famous for his drawings of modally completing flat triangles and amodally completing flat pacmen, there was an American illustrator named Coles Phillips (1880–1927),… Click to show full abstract
Several decades before Gaetano Kanizsa (1913–1993) became famous for his drawings of modally completing flat triangles and amodally completing flat pacmen, there was an American illustrator named Coles Phillips (1880–1927), who exploited modal and amodal completion to generate the impression of volumes. At his peak of creativity and productivity, just over one hundred years ago, he was among the most sought-after graphic artists for magazine covers, and the envy of his peers. For example, the now more famous Norman Rockwell said of his art:
               
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