LAUSR

This article introduces an in-plane dynamic tire model with real-time simulation capabilities. The tire belt is discretized into uniformly distributed mass points, and numerous massless contact elements are added between adjacent mass points. The efficient bending force calculation method and Savkoor dynamic friction coefficient formula are included in the model. Newton’s method and the Newmark-beta method are combined to solve the dynamic equations of the tire model, and the simulation results show that a reasonable model structure could meet the real-time calculation requirements. Particle swarm algorithm was used to identify the model parameters under different conditions. Finally, the model is validated and compared with the test data, showing that the model can express the static, steady-state, and high-frequency dynamic mechanical characteristics of the tire with high accuracy and efficiency.