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Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality.1 Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the two most frequent histologic subtypes, account for approximately 85% and 13– 17% of lung cancer cases in China. The treatment landscape of NSCLC and SCLC has advanced rapidly in the past decade. The prognosis of lung cancer patients differs in different clinical scenarios. These papers published as part of this Research Topic provide a snapshot of the current treatment paradigm and the clinical research efforts for our patients with lung cancer in China.