LAUSR

School policies have increasingly criminalized students for common developmentally appropriate behaviors, such as talking back, public displays of affection, or repeated tardiness. Although their behaviors are no more problematic than their peers, children of color and children of color with disabilities are punished at higher rates. The increasing number of police in schools has also increased the number of arrests. In some cities, schools are the primary referral source to juvenile court. The literature on implicit bias, decision-making, and discipline disparities suggests new policy approaches: Evidence-based measures can disrupt these pathways to the justice system. A range of solutions could fortify efforts to protect all students and promote positive school climate.