LAUSR

Background Liver fibrosis or cirrhosis is associated with the dismal prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it might also be involved in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The effect of hepatic fibrosis on the survival of ICC patients is still unclear. This study aims to explore whether liver fibrosis impacts the overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of ICC patients. Methods Data of 729 eligible ICC patients receiving different therapies from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2015) were analyzed. Unmatched, propensity score-matched, and propensity score-weighted cohorts were used to investigate the relationships of different fibrosis scores (low fibrosis score vs. high fibrosis score) and survival. A Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to explore the influence of fibrosis score on patients’ survival. Stratified analyses based on treatment modality were conducted to compare the survival difference in ICC patients with different fibrosis scores. Results Before matching, the one-, three-, and five-year OS were 50.9, 28.0, and 16.1% in the low fibrosis score group ( n  = 465) and 39.3, 20.1, and 8.0% in the high fibrosis score group ( n  = 264) ( P  < 0.001), respectively. After propensity score matching, the one-, three-, and five-year OS were 45.0, 26.0, and 10.2% in the low fibrosis score group and 36.0, 8.1, and 2.3% in the high fibrosis score group ( P  = 0.008), respectively. The multivariate Cox regression results showed that a high fibrosis score was an independent risk factor of OS. Additionally, patients with high fibrosis scores achieved low DSS after matching ( P  = 0.032). The survival benefits of the low fibrosis score group were consistent across treatment cohorts. Conclusions High fibrosis scores were associated with poor clinical outcomes of ICC patients receiving different common therapies.