LAUSR

A new method of data-domain full traveltime inversion (FTI) is proposed to estimate the near-surface velocity model using early arrivals in seismic shot gathers. Data-domain FTI is capable of generating a background velocity model from which the predicted early arrivals can kinematically match the observed ones. Such a match is measured and quantified in terms of the crosscorrelation function between the computed and observed traces. Our method aims to find an optimal estimated velocity model that minimizes the crosscorrelation computed from the selected early arrivals. The early arrivals are isolated via a sequence of operations, including the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] scan, autopicking, multidomain quality control, and guide interpolation. Because windows, rather than exact arrival times, are constructed, the difficulties encountered while picking precise arrivals are reduced. In addition, the gradient of data-domain FTI is derived based on an amplitude-constrained optimization problem, which makes the gradient essentially different from that derived with the Born approximation in which no constraint is used. The constraint requires the inversion to honor traveltime information only, and it thus ignores any amplitude changes caused by velocity variations. This method is validated using 3D synthetic as well as field data sets. The results show that data-domain FTI, combined with the early arrival selection workflow, is able to generate reasonable background velocities that kinematically match the predicted early arrivals with the observed ones, and the associated depth-domain images are clearly improved.