LAUSR

With advance of the developmental origins of health and disease, long-term influence of maternal environmental factors on offspring health is emphasized. Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been suggested to exert detrimental effects on cognitive function in offspring, but whether HFD-dependent brain remodeling could be transmitted to the next generations is still unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that HFD consumption during rat pregnancy and lactation multigenerationally influences male offspring hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. We observed that hippocampus-dependent learning and memory was impaired in three generations of HFD mother (referred as F1-F3), assessed by novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. Moreover, maternal HFD exposure also affected electrophysiological and ultrastructure measures of hippocampal synaptic plasticity across generations. We observed that intranasal insulin replacement partially rescued hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits in F3 rats, suggesting central insulin resistance may play an important role in maternal diet-induced neuroplasticity impairment. Furthermore, maternal HFD exposure enhanced the palmitoylation of GluA1 critically involved in long-term potentiation induction, while palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate counteracts GluA1 hyper-palmitoylation and partially abolishes the detrimental effects of maternal diet on learning and memory in F3 offspring. Importantly, maternal HFD-dependent GluA1 hyper-palmitoylation was reversed by insulin replacement. Taken together, our data suggest that maternal HFD exposure multigenerationally influences adult male offspring hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance, and central insulin resistance may serve as the cross talk between maternal diet and cognitive impairment across generations.