LAUSR

BACKGROUND Failure in achieving a function-based resection related to the insufficient patient's participation is a drawback of awake surgery. OBJECTIVE To assess preoperative parameters predicting the risk of patient insufficient intraoperative cooperation leading to the arrest of the awake resection. METHODS Observational, retrospective, multicentric cohort analysis enrolling 384 (experimental dataset) and 100 (external validation dataset) awake surgeries. RESULTS In the experimental data set, an insufficient intraoperative cooperation occurred in 20/384 patients (5.2%), leading to awake surgery failure in 3/384 patients (ie, no resection, 0.8%), and precluded the achievement of the function-based resection in 17/384 patients (ie, resection limitation, 4.4%). The insufficient intraoperative cooperation significantly reduced the resection rates (55.0% vs 94.0%, P < .001) and precluded a supratotal resection (0% vs 11.3%, P = .017). Seventy years or older, uncontrolled epileptic seizures, previous oncological treatment, hyperperfusion on MRI, and mass effect on midline were independent predictors of insufficient cooperation during awake surgery (P < .05). An Awake Surgery Insufficient Cooperation score was then assessed: 96.9% of patients (n = 343/354) with a score ≤2 presented a good intraoperative cooperation, while only 70.0% of patients (n = 21/30) with a score >2 presented a good intraoperative cooperation. In the experimental data set, similar date were found: 98.9% of patients (n = 98/99) with a score ≤2 presented a good cooperation, while 0% of patients (n = 0/1) with a score >2 presented a good cooperation. CONCLUSION Function-based resection under awake conditions can be safely performed with a low rate of insufficient patient intraoperative cooperation. The risk can be assessed preoperatively by a careful patient selection.