Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a standardized resection for distal cholangiocarcinoma. If the tumor is located in the middle-third bile duct alone, bile duct resection (BDR) may be considered as an alternative… Click to show full abstract
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a standardized resection for distal cholangiocarcinoma. If the tumor is located in the middle-third bile duct alone, bile duct resection (BDR) may be considered as an alternative approach. However, this tumor is rare, with an incidence of about 13% among all cholangiocarcinomas, and recent surveys have observed that BDR accounted for only 1.5–2.7% of resections for cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, the oncologic benefit of BDR remains poorly understood.
               
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