LAUSR

Bevilacqua et al. first developed a preoperative nomogram to predict the risk of arm lymphedema for breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy; other published nomograms for breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) were utilized after surgery. The time of prediction and intervention was a major concern in applying the previous nomograms. The intraoperative prediction nomogram established in this study incorporated a protective factor with clinicopathological characteristics to determine the risk of BCRL before operation, with which timely intervention could be performed.