LAUSR

RESULTS: The trial returned low dropout rate (9%), high compliance and sensitivity (typical error 2.2%), but the effect of the multiple-transportable carbohydrate on overall performance time (-0.6%, 95%CI -1.8%, 0.7%), swim, bike, and run times, and on nausea, gut comfort and perceived energy was of trivial-small magnitude without statistical significance. Within-subject covariate adjustment for pre-exercise body weight, heat stress, and within-race change in body weight had negligible impact on outcomes. CONCLUSION: Multiple-transportable carbohydrate ingested in the common bar-gel-drink format provided negligible benefit to long-distance triathlon performance. The experience of the large sample intervention study showed that in-competition clinical trials offer ecological validity, and high throughput rate, compliance, and sensitivity for evaluation of health and performance interventions in athletes. Funding: Nestec Ltd, Switzerland.