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Disease exacerbation is common in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignancy

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BACKGROUND Colitis is a known potential toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Studies evaluating the risk of disease exacerbation following ICI treatment in patients with pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)… Click to show full abstract

BACKGROUND Colitis is a known potential toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Studies evaluating the risk of disease exacerbation following ICI treatment in patients with pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are limited. AIM To assess the clinical characteristics of IBD patients treated with ICIs and determine prevalence of subsequent IBD exacerbations. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients in the Stanford Research Repository database with pre-existing IBD who were exposed to ICIs. RESULTS The prevalence of IBD exacerbation following ICI was 36.8% amongst 19 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Patients with exacerbations had more gastrointestinal-related hospitalizations (4 of 7) than patients without exacerbations (0 of 12; P = 0.0090). CONCLUSION The prevalence of IBD exacerbations following ICI was higher than reported rates of ICI-induced colitis and diarrhea in the general population and was associated with hospitalization.

Keywords: checkpoint inhibitors; immune checkpoint; disease; disease exacerbation; inflammatory bowel; exacerbation

Journal Title: World Journal of Clinical Cases
Year Published: 2022

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