LAUSR

This theoretical work illustrates the robustness of a highly-symmetrical cross nanoantenna in manipulating the fluorescence emission characteristics of a randomly oriented fluorophore. Owing to the highly symmetrical feature, the cross nanoantenna is able to generate stable excitation rates and quantum yields over all the emitter orientations. As a result, the cross structure produces a consistent fluorescence enhancement factor for any arbitrarily oriented fluorophore, which is more than twice that of a dimer counterpart. In addition, the cross nanoantenna preserves the original orientation information of the emitter at the far field, which is generally unachievable with a dimer configuration.