LAUSR

Background Loss to follow-up from lifelong antiretroviral therapy continued to be a major challenge affecting virtual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although there was a study conducted in Ethiopia, loss to follow-up was not clearly defined and some important variables were not addressed. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the incidence of loss to follow-up and its predictors among women on option B+ lifelong antiretroviral therapy program in Pawi district health facilities, northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 365 women who were enrolled for option B+ prevention of mother-to-child transmission service between June 2013 and March 2021 in Pawi district health facilities. A standard pretested checklist was used to extract data from all eligible women’s records. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve for estimating survival probability and Cox proportional hazards model to identify independent predictors of loss to follow-up were employed after checking for proportional hazards assumptions using STATA-14 statistical software. Result The overall incidence of loss to follow-up was 12.04 (95% CI: 9.50, 15.20) per 1000 person-months of observation time. Residing outside the catchment area (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 3.08, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.98), lactating at enrollment (AHR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.24, 4.77), living in a sero-discordant relationship (AHR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.13, 5.53), lack of sero-status disclosure (AHR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.15, 5.85), new enrollment to lifelong antiretroviral therapy (AHR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.11), and fair (AHR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.2, 6.04) or poor (AHR: 5.78, 95% CI: 2.76, 12.12) antiretroviral drug adherence level were independent predictors of loss to follow-up. Conclusion We found a higher incidence of loss to follow-up relative to previous studies in Ethiopia. Thus, strengthening adherence support interventions, and effective counseling on sero-status disclosure and male partner involvement are important to retain women in care.