LAUSR

A new species of Lymanopoda Westwood, a cloud forest Neotropical genus of Satyrinae, is described from the páramo grasslands on an isolated, peripheral massif in the Colombian Central Cordillera of the Andes: L. fl ammigera Pyrcz, Prieto & Boyer, sp. n. The genus Lymanopoda is species-rich (approx. 65 species) and its alpha taxonomy is relatively well researched. Relationships within the genus using molecular data have also been explored. The new species is outstanding for its golden yellow colour in males, not found in any other neotropical Satyrinae. Cladograms were constructed based on COI sequences of 47 species of Lymanopoda (~ 70% of the known species) including 17 from Colombia. The new species segregates in the “tolima” clade, which comprises four other high altitude Colombian species, as well as two from Ecuador. However, it is the comparative analysis of male genitalia, in particular the superuncus and valvae, which identifi ed its closest relatives, thus confi rming that genital characters can help refi ne molecular phylogenies. In addition to identifying species using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA barcodes), nucleotide sites with unique fi xed states used to identify nine species of Lymanopoda from Colombia are also presented. ZooBank Article LSID: F820B047-2E29-4DEC-9C23-BB9A5B076528 * Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Colour patterns of butterfl y wings are among the most outstanding expressions of evolution. Under certain conditions they are extremely plastic and even dramatic changes can be controlled by simple genetic mechanisms and quickly respond to selective pressure, for example in Heliconius (Kronforst & Papa, 2015). Colours have many adaptive roles, commonly in intraspecifi c sexual communication, warning, mimetic relations or, very frequently, crypsis. In different groups of butterfl ies different roles dominate. In the cosmopolitan subfamily Satyrinae, the prevailing adaptation is camoufl age, and its over 2500 species are overwhelmingly dark with shadows of brown, thus their common English name (browns), with some elements enhancing their cryptic colouration, such as stripes and patches imitating the substrate, in most cases on the Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 387–399, 2018 doi: 10.14411/eje.2018.039