LAUSR

Abstract Non-spatial structure of forest is an important aspect for harvesting regimes, silvicultural treatments, and ecosystem service provisions. In this pursuit, the present research envisaged the measurement of the crown and diameter structure of Pinus massoniana Lamb. Specifically, the forests were assessed with a range of nine cities in Hunan Province, China. The gradient boosting model was used to quantify the contribution of seven drivers of the diameter at breast height (DBH) diversity. Moreover, the relationship between the crown structure and DBH/tree height was explored using TSTRAT and path analysis. The Anderson–Darling test results indicated that DBH distributions of nine cities did not occur from the same population, the maturing diameter distribution was the main type among the cities. Slope direction was identified as the most impacted factor affecting the DBH diversity, followed by landform and stand density. The vertical stratification indicated a simple vertical structure, and the relationship between the DBH/tree height and crown structure changed in different stages, which reflected the competition mechanism and adaption strategy in the forest. Our study summarized the diameter and crown structure of pure P. massoniana forest in Hunan province, which can provide valuable information in the forest management, planning, and valuation of ecosystem services.