LAUSR

Abstract Studies on the development of cultural competence among healthcare providers tend to focus on the clinical encounter, with little attention paid to the environment. In this paper, results from a grounded theory study conducted with nurses and students to understand cultural competence development are presented; with a focus on findings that call particular attention to nurse-environment interactions. Two concurrent processes, as students and nurses develop cultural competence through interactions with their environment, were identified: “dealing with structural constraints” and “mobilizing social resources”. These dynamic interactions between healthcare providers and the larger structures of healthcare systems raise critical questions about the power of healthcare providers to influence the structures that shape their practice. The intersection of nursing theory with social and critical theories is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of cultural competence development and to transform healthcare providers’ education in the service of social justice and health equity.