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This article is published in Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution license, which allows use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, without restrictions, as long as the original work is correctly cited. The Editors of CSP were invited to participate in the panel discussion entitled Who is Served by Science Publishing in Collective Health/Public Health? at the 12th Brazilian Congress of Collective Health (Abrascão) in July 2018 (Supplementary Material; http://cadernos.ensp.fio cruz.br/csp/public_site/arquivo/material-suplementar-abrascao_4283.pdf). The challenge posed by Kenneth Camargo Jr., coordinator of the round-table, was “to critically discuss the objective of publishing in our field, especially under the perennial pressure to ‘publish or perish’ (...), emphasizing in this sense that we have a profound impact on society that extends far beyond mere citation measures”. We are thus reclaiming our history seeking to demonstrate the relevance of science publishing beyond the impact ratings. The principle, often reaffirmed by all the Editorsin-Chief of CSP since its first edition, was defined very accurately by Ênio Candotti 1 (p. 2) in 2016: “to pursue science in order to ‘relieve human fatigue’ (...) to promote social justice (...) To stand alongside social movements...”. And we have practiced this principle in different spaces in CSP: Debates, Perspectives, and Thematic Sections. There have been four key debates since 2014, the most recent published in July 2018, addressing the theme of one of the key panel discussions at the Abrascão, Thirty Years of History in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS): A Necessary But Insufficient Transition 2. We are also proud to have published a debate on graduate studies in Brazil 3 that contributed to the assessment of programs in 2014, an assessment that concluded with a statement on the exhaustion of the “quantitativist” model, which links directly to the panel discussion’s theme. The articles in the Perspectives and Thematic Section have also varied greatly, and here we list just a few recent examples: the bill of law on pesticides 4, legalization of marijuana 5, conflict of interests in nutrition 6, the refugee issue 7,8,9, and the return of appetite suppressants 10, among many others. In the field of politics and health policy, we have debated outsourcing and its impacts on health 11,12, public security 13, privatization of basic sanitation 14, and privatization of the Brazilian health system 15. We have also addressed themes in the international scenario, from the American market-driven health care model 16, to the intentional destruction of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom 17. We show The main challenge for science publishing