LAUSR

We constructed Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) infectious clones in the bacterial plasmids pUC18 and pIPKb002 and tested their ability to inoculate plants using Bio-Rad Helios Gene Gun biolistic inoculation method and Agrobacterium tumefaciens agroinoculation method, and we then compared them with the natural inoculation method via viruliferous P. alienus. Infected plants were generated using both infectious clones, whereas the agroinoculation method was able to produce strong systemic infection in all three tested cultivars of wheat and Triticum monococcum, comparable to plants inoculated by viruliferous P. alienus. Infection was confirmed by DAS-ELISA, and WDV titres were quantified using qPCR. The levels of remaining bacterial plasmid DNA were also confirmed to be zero.