LAUSR

A pencil graphites were used for detection of pentachlorophenol (PCP) based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The voltammetric studies were carried out using a pencil graphite electrode (GPE), carbon paste electrode (CPE) and powdered electrode (PE). The pencil graphites were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The effects of deposition potential, scan rate and pulse amplitude were examined to optimize the differential pulse voltammetry conditions. Compared to the other working electrodes the graphite pencil electrodes were recognized by their low cost, simplicity, commercial availability and ease of modification. The voltammetric studies have shown the usefulness of the pencil graphite as an electrode material. Their electrochemical usability increased with decreasing hardness (2B> 5B> 8B).