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Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers of the urinary system. BC is the 13th most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide (1). The majority of BC… Click to show full abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers of the urinary system. BC is the 13th most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide (1). The majority of BC is non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC), which tend to have a high rate of recurrence after primary tumor resection. The 5-year overall survival (OS) for NMIBC patients is nearly 90%, and 60% to 70% for muscle invasive bladder cancers (MIBC) patients (2). Approximately 50% of patients occurred distant metastasis after radical cystectomy (3). For decades, the outcome or treatment for Original Article
Journal Title: Translational cancer research
Year Published: 2021
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