LAUSR

There is a need for improved knowledge of the limits to the available water range for root growth in the subsoil. The objective of this study was to recalculate the upper and lower limits of the least limiting water range (LLWR) concept by using respectively the air-filled porosity (eₐ) at which 0.005 of the relative gas diffusivity (Dₛ/Dₒ) is reached and readily available water (RAW). The refined upper limit estimates the variation in eₐ related to pore connectivity and the refined lower limit expresses the boundary at which plants suffer physiological water stress. This study was based on soil sampled in compaction trials on two sandy loam soils. Soil samples were taken from plots with no compaction (Control), and compaction with 78 kN (M8) and 58 kN (M6) wheel loads with multiple wheel passes. The soil cores were analyzed for eₐ, Dₛ/Dₒ, bulk density (ρb) and penetration resistance (PR). Heavy farm machinery impact of M8 and M6 led to subsoil compaction up to depth of 0.5 to 0.7 m for the soils under study. The subsoil structure was affected by compaction across depths with the decrease in eₐ (∼33–46%) and Dₛ/Dₒ (∼37–61%) and increase in ρb (∼4–8%) and PR (∼40–50%, at −100 hPa at 30-cm depth). The refined LLWR showed a wider water range compared to the original approach. We anticipate that the refined LLWR well reflects the limiting soil physical conditions for root growth for the studied soils, but validation by combined soil physical and plant growth measurements is needed.