LAUSR

Purpose Mobile health solutions are finding their way into health systems. The Kaia app has been shown to be able to reduce back pain in two studies. Since pain often comes along with disturbed sleep and both symptoms are strongly related we investigated whether the Kaia app training is associated with improved sleep quality. Methods User data of individuals with back pain were collected in two app versions (cohort 1: N = 180; cohort 2: N = 159). We analyzed the ratings of sleep quality and pain intensity on a 11-point numeric ratings scale (NRS; 0–10) both at the beginning of usage (baseline: BL) and on the individual last day of usage (follow-up: LU) within a 3-month training program. Results In both cohorts, we found a significant reduction in pain intensity from BL to LU (cohort 1: MBL = 4.80; SD = 1.59 to MLU = 3.75; SD = 1.76, Δpain = –1.04; SD = 2.12; t(158) = 6.207; p<.001/cohort 2: MBL = 4.20; SD = 1.98 to MLU = 3.65; SD = 1.78; Δpain = –0.50; SD = 2.04; t(147) = 3.001; p = 0.003) and a significant improvement of sleep quality (cohort 1: MBL = 5.76; SD = 2.12 to MLU = 6.56; SD = 1.72; Δsleep = t(158) = 4.310; p < 0.001/cohort 2: MBL = 6.08; SD = 2.08 to MLU = 6.76; SD = 1.55; Δsleep = 0.67; SD = 2.13; sleep: t(147) = 3.825; p < 0.001). Interestingly, improvement of sleep quality was not fully mediated by pain reduction. Conclusion Our analysis underlines the relationship between pain and sleep in the clinical context. Improvement of sleep quality came along with pain reduction and vice versa. Further study should explain the exact mechanisms of action which are associated with the improvement of both symptom parameters.